{"id":4946,"date":"2014-12-16T22:45:13","date_gmt":"2014-12-17T03:45:13","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/mti.code.arc.cmu.edu\/2014\/?p=4946"},"modified":"2014-12-17T03:20:58","modified_gmt":"2014-12-17T08:20:58","slug":"layerd-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/mti.code.arc.cmu.edu\/2014\/?p=4946","title":{"rendered":"LAYERd"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/xLG7h8APkI8?rel=0\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/js9e7ZIu6xI?rel=0\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>LAYERd is a multi-layer display made from off-the shelf computer monitors. It allows for glasses-free 3D as well as a novel way to envision User Interfaces.<\/p>\n<p>Every LCD screen on the planet is made of two main parts: a transparent assembly (made of laminated glass, liquid crystal, and polarizing filters) and a backlight. Without the backlight, an LCD monitor is actually completely transparent wherever a white pixel is drawn.<\/p>\n<p>LAYERd uses three of these LCD assemblies illuminated by a single backlight to create a screen with real depth: objects drawn on the front display are physically in front of objects drawn on the rear ones.<\/p>\n<p>My work is mainly focused on the potential UI uses for such a display: what can one do with discrete physical layers in space?<\/p>\n<h3>PROCESS<\/h3>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/ZsfbsFOTnuk?rel=0\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>The process begins by disassembling the three monitors. After destroying two cheaper ones with static electricity before the project began in earnest, I was very careful to keep the delicate electronics grounded at all times, and I worked on top of an anti-static mat and used an anti-static wristband when possible.<\/p>\n<div style=\"float:left;\">\n<a href=\"http:\/\/i.imgur.com\/hEbYmiH.gif\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/i.imgur.com\/hEbYmiH.gif\" width=\"500\"><\/a><br \/>\n<br \/>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/i.imgur.com\/l83bNvG.gif\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/i.imgur.com\/l83bNvG.gif\" width=\"500\"><\/a>\n<\/div>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>With some careful prying, the whole thing came undone.<\/p>\n<div style=\"float:left;\">\n<a href=\"http:\/\/i.imgur.com\/65Umfca.jpg\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/i.imgur.com\/65Umfca.jpg\" width=\"500\"><\/a><br \/>\n<br \/>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/i.imgur.com\/0T8ew83.jpg\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/i.imgur.com\/0T8ew83.jpg\" width=\"500\"><\/a>\n<\/div>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Here, you can see how the glass panel is transparent, and how the backlight illuminates it.<\/p>\n<p>\u2014<\/p>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/_wY_S5bP9D8?rel=0\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/4pA3N8ypcgU?rel=0\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/i.imgur.com\/QMI9jDA.jpg\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/i.imgur.com\/QMI9jDA.jpg\" width=\"500\"><\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/i.imgur.com\/cQUNDjv.jpg\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/i.imgur.com\/cQUNDjv.jpg\" width=\"500\"><\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/i.imgur.com\/dSmuRSn.jpg\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/i.imgur.com\/dSmuRSn.jpg\" width=\"500\"><\/a><\/p>\n<p>After disassembly came the design, laser cutting, and assembly of the frames and display.<\/p>\n<p>\u2014<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/i.imgur.com\/1A0xRnm.jpg\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/i.imgur.com\/1A0xRnm.jpg\" width=\"500\"><\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/i.imgur.com\/jIrPpBH.jpg\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/i.imgur.com\/jIrPpBH.jpg\" width=\"500\"><\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/i.imgur.com\/kXD24ia.jpg\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/i.imgur.com\/kXD24ia.jpg\" width=\"500\"><\/a><\/p>\n<p>Finally, the finished product.<\/p>\n<p>It uses three networked Raspberry Pis to keep everything in sync, as well as the power supplies\/drivers from the disassembled monitors.<\/p>\n<h3>LESSONS LEARNED<\/h3>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/i.imgur.com\/LawsNR2.gif\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/i.imgur.com\/LawsNR2.gif\" width=\"500\"><\/a><\/p>\n<p>I learned a lot about polarization; mainly that about half of the films needed to be removed in order for light to pass through the assembly. Plus, this cool little trick with polarized light.<\/p>\n<p>\u2014<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/i.imgur.com\/Vgn61fD.jpg\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/i.imgur.com\/Vgn61fD.jpg\" width=\"500\"><\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/i.imgur.com\/bG0ooAL.jpg\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/i.imgur.com\/bG0ooAL.jpg\" width=\"500\"><\/a><\/p>\n<p>I also learned about safety\/how monitors work: Alas! Disaster struck. I accidentally cut one of the ribbons while disassembling a monitor, which resulted in a single vertical stripe of dead pixels. Plus, my front display got smashed a little bit on the way to the gallery show, and made a black splotch.<\/p>\n<h3>RELATED WORK<\/h3>\n<p>One main body of research highly influenced my design and concept: the work being done at <a href=\"http:\/\/www.media.mit.edu\/\">MIT Media Lab<\/a>\u2019s <a href=\"http:\/\/www.media.mit.edu\/research\/groups\/camera-culture\">Camera Culture<\/a> Group, notably their research in <a href=\"http:\/\/web.media.mit.edu\/~gordonw\/CompressiveLightFieldPhotography\/\">Compressive Light Field Photography<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/alumni.media.mit.edu\/~dlanman\/research\/polarization-fields\/\">Polarization Fields<\/a>, and <a href=\"http:\/\/web.media.mit.edu\/~gordonw\/TensorDisplays\/\">Tensor Displays<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>Their work uses a similar assembly of displays to mine, but is focused mainly on producing glasses-free 3D imagery by utilizing <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Light_field\">Light Fields<\/a> and directional backlighting.<\/p>\n<p>A few other groups of people have also done work in this field, namely Apple Inc., who has a few related patents \u2014 one for a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.google.com\/patents\/US20110175902\">Multilayer Display Device<\/a> and one for a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.google.com\/patents\/US8745535\">Multi-Dimensional Desktop<\/a> environment.<\/p>\n<p>On the industry side of things is PureDepth\u00ae, a company that produces MLDs\u00ae (Multi Layer Displays\u2122). There isn\u2019t much information in the popular media about them or their products, but it seems like they have a large number of patents and trademarks in the realm (over 90), and mainly produce their two-panel displays for slot and pachinko machines.<\/p>\n<p>Another project from CMU is the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cs.cmu.edu\/~ILIM\/projects\/IL\/waterDisplay2\/\">Multi-Layered Display with Water Drops<\/a>, that uses precisely synced water droplets and a projector to illuminate the \u201cscreens\u201d.<\/p>\n<h3>REFERENCES<\/h3>\n<p>Chaudhri, I A, J O Louch, C Hynes, T W Bumgarner, and E S Peyton. 2014. \u201cMulti-Dimensional Desktop.\u201d Google Patents. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.google.com\/patents\/US8745535\" class=\"autohyperlink\">www.google.com\/patents\/US8745535<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>Lanman, Douglas, Gordon Wetzstein, Matthew Hirsch, Wolfgang Heidrich, and Ramesh Raskar. 2011. \u201cPolarization Fields.\u201d Proceedings of the 2011 SIGGRAPH Asia Conference on &#8211; SA \u201911 30 (6). New York, New York, USA: ACM Press: 1. doi:10.1145\/2024156.2024220.<\/p>\n<p>Prema, Vijay, Gary Roberts, and BC Wuensche. 2006. \u201c3D Visualisation Techniques for Multi-Layer DisplayTM Technology.\u201d IVCNZ, 1\u20136. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cs.auckland.ac.nz\/~burkhard\/Publications\/IVCNZ06_PremaRobertsWuensche.pdf\" class=\"autohyperlink\">www.cs.auckland.ac.nz\/~burkhard\/Publications\/IVCNZ06_PremaRobertsWuensche.pdf<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>Wetzstein, Gordon, Douglas Lanman, Wolfgang Heidrich, and Ramesh Raskar. 2011. \u201cLayered 3D.\u201d ACM SIGGRAPH 2011 Papers on &#8211; SIGGRAPH \u201911 1 (212). New York, New York, USA: ACM Press: 1. doi:10.1145\/1964921.1964990.<\/p>\n<p>Wetzstein, Gordon, Douglas Lanman, Matthew Hirsch, and Ramesh Raskar. 2012. \u201cTensor Displays: Compressive Light Field Synthesis Using Multilayer Displays with Directional Backlighting.\u201d ACM Transactions on \u2026. <a href=\"http:\/\/alumni.media.mit.edu\/~dlanman\/research\/compressivedisplays\/papers\/Tensor_Displays.pdf\" class=\"autohyperlink\">alumni.media.mit.edu\/~dlanman\/research\/compressivedisplays\/papers\/Tensor_Displays.pdf<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>Barnum, Peter C, and Srinivasa G Narasimhan. 2007. \u201cA Multi-Layered Display with Water Drops.\u201d <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cs.cmu.edu\/~ILIM\/projects\/IL\/waterDisplay2\/papers\/barnum10multi.pdf\" class=\"autohyperlink\">www.cs.cmu.edu\/~ILIM\/projects\/IL\/waterDisplay2\/papers\/barnum10multi.pdf<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>Lanman, Douglas, Matthew Hirsch, Yunhee Kim, and Ramesh Raskar. 2010. \u201cContent-Adaptive Parallax Barriers.\u201d ACM SIGGRAPH Asia 2010 Papers on &#8211; SIGGRAPH ASIA \u201910 29 (6). New York, New York, USA: ACM Press: 1. doi:10.1145\/1866158.1866164.<\/p>\n<p>Mahowald, P H. 2011. \u201cMultilayer Display Device.\u201d Google Patents. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.google.com\/patents\/US20110175902\" class=\"autohyperlink\">www.google.com\/patents\/US20110175902<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>Marwah, Kshitij, Gordon Wetzstein, Yosuke Bando, and Ramesh Raskar. 2013. \u201cCompressive Light Field Photography Using Overcomplete Dictionaries and Optimized Projections.\u201d ACM Transactions on Graphics 32 (4): 1. doi:10.1145\/2461912.2461914.<\/p>\n<p>\u2014<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/studioforcreativeinquiry.org\/\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/farm8.staticflickr.com\/7103\/7219297428_6900863856_z.jpg\" width=\"500px\"><\/a><\/p>\n<p>This project was supported in part by funding from the Carnegie Mellon University <a href=\"http:\/\/studioforcreativeinquiry.org\/grants\">Frank-Ratchye Fund For Art @ the Frontier<\/a>.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>LAYERd is a multi-layer display made from off-the shelf computer monitors. It allows for glasses-free 3D as well as a novel way to envision User Interfaces. Every LCD screen on the planet is made of two main parts: a transparent assembly (made of laminated glass, liquid crystal, and polarizing filters) and a backlight. Without the [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":146,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[5,23,47,14],"tags":[96],"coauthors":[94],"class_list":["post-4946","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-assignment","category-final-project","category-hardware","category-software","tag-jam"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/mti.code.arc.cmu.edu\/2014\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4946","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/mti.code.arc.cmu.edu\/2014\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/mti.code.arc.cmu.edu\/2014\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/mti.code.arc.cmu.edu\/2014\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/146"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/mti.code.arc.cmu.edu\/2014\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=4946"}],"version-history":[{"count":10,"href":"http:\/\/mti.code.arc.cmu.edu\/2014\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4946\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4977,"href":"http:\/\/mti.code.arc.cmu.edu\/2014\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4946\/revisions\/4977"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/mti.code.arc.cmu.edu\/2014\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=4946"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/mti.code.arc.cmu.edu\/2014\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=4946"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/mti.code.arc.cmu.edu\/2014\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=4946"},{"taxonomy":"author","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/mti.code.arc.cmu.edu\/2014\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcoauthors&post=4946"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}